Language of the future generation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Language of the future generation - Essay Example Moreover, all the things of the world are interconnected, because the language is a binding part of this chain. Therefore, the language deserves respect and special attention, as any important thing deserves respect and special attention. Every day we use many different words. These words are in turn arranged in a certain order, which forms a unique and interesting world. This world has its own laws and also the presence of certain secrets. The world of language besides has its own unique history. Therefore, the words, with which we share with each other, always act on our souls, thoughts and life in general. In everyday life we ​​use language such often as breathe and walk. Communication is our common means of transmission of any information. But if we use a variety of words and phrases, we should think about their origin and meaning. After all, how correctly and competently we use the tools of our language, how we are perceived by others. One word can sometimes have o n the interlocutor quite diverse influences. So from the early age, when we begin to learn the basics of grammar and vocabulary, we must diligently and in good faith to obtain this knowledge. Otherwise, the person will not know the correct language. So, when he becomes an adult and independent person, he would realize that good knowledge of the language would make him more authoritative and wise for example among his colleagues. However, he will experience a shame and a lack of success.

Self-reflective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Self-reflective - Essay Example Otherwise, it is termed as plagiarism. There are numerous styles of writing suited to the individualistic needs and requirements of the forum where the writing is published. Basically, there is a formal and an informal way of writing. The formal way of writing requires the writer to make use of complex words and be very particular about the selection of words, sentence construction and grammar. The informal way of writing provides the writer with more leverage. The writer is free to express his/her emotions in the writing. The informal way of writing is very much like the real life communication we make in the daily life. Full words may be replaced with slangs and there is frequent use of such expressive words as â€Å"hurrah, alas, and wow.† I personally like writing in the informal way more than in the formal way because the former provides me with more room to enrich my argument with emotions as compared to the latter. Every style of writing has a certain way to be organized with. For a paper to be properly organized, it is imperative that there is an introduction with a thesis statement that is the crux of the whole discussion that is to follow. The thesis statement should be short and precise and fully reflective of all aspects of the discussion. Each body paragraph starts with a topic sentence that represents the ideas to be discussed in the respective paragraphs. Ideally, there are three body paragraphs in addition to the introduction and conclusion. The conclusion sums up the argument made in the paper and provides a brief summary of the whole essay. This course helped me polish my writing skills a lot. Before taking this course, I used to be very confused and could not even start. Having taken this course, I have done sufficient practice and learnt enough to write a piece of writing independently. Before, I did not know how to start the paper. I have learnt that when an individual has to write, he/she should

A Study On Ancient Egyptian Religion History Essay

A Study On Ancient Egyptian Religion History Essay Religion played a very significant role in Ancient Egypt. Their religion was greatly inspired by custom and tradition. The Ancient Egyptians possessed a complex and intricate religion. Their main aim throughout their history was to emulate the conditions which they believed has existed at the dawn of creation. (Rosalie, 1988) Ancient Egyptian includes many religious beliefs and rituals performed in Ancient Egypt beyond 3,000 years. The religious beliefs centered on the worship of numerous deities who signified various features of ideas, nature and purposes of power, articulated by the ways of complicated and many archetypes. Ancient Egyptians were polytheists and worshipped literally hundreds of different gods, including their pharaohs, all of whom were believed to be gods in the form of men. The deities were worshipped with offerings and prayers, in family and home shrines including in temples which are administered by priests. Egypt never had a rational hierarchy because different gods were superior at different periods of time in Egyptian history and also the myths related with them changed over time. Nevertheless, religion of Ancient Egypt is recognized or learned prominently by people around the globe. Egyptians believed that the temple with premises as the actual home of the god. They performed their daily rituals by preparing a statue which they considered as their actual deity. The most important ritual was performed during the sunrise. They perform another ritual during the mid-day and the last one when the sun goes down. Before the dawn the temple area is filled with priests, temple servants are seen preparing offerings of food, drinks and flowers. Everyone who was to come into the attendance of the ritual had to be purified. Meanwhile in a room outside of the sanctum, only pharaoh and high priests were allowed where the offerings were set out. The offerings included incense burning and chanting of prayers by priests and priestess. At the same moment as the sun reaches above the horizon, the face of the god was to unseal. This represented the rebirth of the sun as incarnated in the statue. The statue was to wash, perfume, apply make-up and dress in clean clothing. The conclusi on of the ritual includes the high priest anointing the forehead of the statue with scented oil which affirms that the statue has been instilled with existence of the deity. The high priest seals the door of the sanctum and sweeps away his foot prints leaving no trace. Through their ritual and purifying of god, it was said that that the god will protect the two lands which were Upper and Lower Egypt. Religion has been described as a belief in and an admiration for supernatural powers regarded as creator and ruler of the universe. Egyptian religion encompasses their ancient gods, the mythology and other aspects of the religion such as creation, death and the afterlife. However, there are undoubtedly more complications to the religion, such as how the king played into this structure of religion, and ethical beliefs concerning what the god are expected of humans. The Egyptians had many tales regarding how the world started. According to one legend, it started with an ocean in darkness. Then a mound of dry land rose up and the sun god Re appeared. He created light and all things. Another version has the sun God emerging from a sacred blue lotus that grew out of the mud, while a third version has him as part animal and part human. (Heller, 1999) The Egyptian Book of the Dead covers the main thoughts and views in the Ancient Egyptian religion. Egyptians dedicated much time and wealth o n preparing for survival in the next world because of their peculiar belief on afterlife. Egyptians saw death as a temporary phase in the progress to gain a healthier life in the afterlife. They believed that they could only attain their full ability after death. Each person was to possess three souls, the ka, the ba, and the akh. The whole civilization of Ancient Egypt was grounded on religion which made their beliefs very significant to them. Their belief in being born again after death became their influential strength behind their funeral practices. Egyptian religion was complex and complicate, as well as vital to many Egyptians, but their polytheistic beliefs certainly caused problems. In the role of god-kings, a lot of burden was placed on the pharaohs. They were accused for when the land did not produce well, when there were problems with other countries. The Egyptian gods were never considered by them to be personal. Egypt was governed by pharaohs and the pharaohs were given the authority at the command of the Egyptian gods. This belief was so powerful in ancient Egypt that all through the nations chaotic history various pharaohs discontinue his reign to assure the public that they has obtained the power to reign from the ancient Egyptian gods. One pharaoh, a female nonetheless, even went so far as to concoct a wild story to insure her subjects saw her as divinely appointed by Hatshepsut. (The World of the Ancient Egyptian Gods, 2008) Apart from a short period of time when pharaoh Akhenaten tried to establish a monotheistic devotion to one god but the nation was ruled by numerous different Egyptian gods and goddess. Egyptian religion was so interconnected that more focus was provided to their family members and the names of the ancient Egyptian gods name. Throughout the three thousand year period of the polytheistic religion of Egypt was encompassed of a very complicated system of Egyptian gods a nd goddesses. They were the one who studied the knowledge of both the scared mystery teachings and the religious philosophies of the times. Pharaoh appointed different high priests to perform the sacred rituals at different temple because he could not carry out ceremonies at all the temples all over Egypt. Priests often give his throne down their positions from father to son. The priests responsibilities were to supervise the gods and listen to their needs. They also carry out funeral rites, teaching school, administrating the artists and works, and counselling people on problems. The priesthood of ancient Egypt has an extensive and profound history, entrenched within the traditions of Ancient Egypt. While the pharaohs were seen as gods, the priests and priestesses were perceived as replacement for the pharaoh. The job of the priests and priestesses were considered very high in Egyptian society, as is the situation with most ideally based societies. The spiritual characteristics of the priests and priestesses take on a minor role because the aspect of attaining the ethical and basic needs of the Egyptians. Though there work on society served as a method to order society, to establish a hierarchy, and to conserve the culture for future generations. The role of the priests and priestesses were both practical and spiritual on both levels. A priest or priestess in ancient Egypt was normally selected by either the pharaoh, or they accomplished their position by hereditary means. The priests and priestesses who received their positions hereditarily and through the king were allowed to continue their ordinary life. As a matter of fact, such priests were made to comprise the ordinary life to keep Egyptian society working properly. However the priesthood had begun out modestly, with moderately few temples, in the following reigns the temples increased into the hundreds. For such development, a large government was required to keep the temples in good position; and ther eafter, the establishment of small priesthoods of the Egyptians grew from an estimated hundred priests into the thousands later with it came a priestly hierarchy. Priests were often alternated from position to position within the hierarchy and were combined in and out of ordinary society. This alternation method normally went that a priest would enter into temple life one month, at three times a year. This alternation system had a straight association to the often severe purity rites of the priests. Irrespective of what position the priest was, there were numerous restrictions and traditions a priest had to or could not participate in. Ancient Egyptian religion was similar to current times. Everyone does not believe in the same way, or of the same god. Ancient Egyptian followed the same rule of not following the same god. Egyptian pharaoh worshipped their own gods so did the workers, priests, merchants and farmers of Ancient Egypt. Pre-dynastic Egypt had their own way of thinking and viewpoint of a god, which was articulated in symbols and pictures; writing was invented in order to convey spiritual thoughts to the people of ancient Egypt. Egyptians influenced many people regarding religion and Egyptians are known for their devotion towards their religion and gods.

If Seeing is Believing, Then Hearing is Connecting :: Psychology Hearing Seeing Essays

If Seeing is Believing, Then Hearing is Connecting When I was in sixth grade, our teacher, Mr. Kreinhop, presented us with an interesting and provocative dilemma: would we prefer to lose our hearing or our sight? During the discussion that followed, I was very surprised to learn that Mr. Kreinhop's answer was different from my own. As an eleven year old, I could not understand why anyone would choose to lose their vision (!) instead of their hearing. My reasons for needing to keep my sight seemed so obvious to me. Without it, one cannot browse at the library, hide away with a good book, see a friend approaching, or "watch" a movie. Most importantly to a soon-to-be-teenager, one could not drive ­surely a necessity for an American wanting to be truly independent. Without vision, how could one ever do all the things I thought I needed to do? Now, as an adult who has done some of those things and who will never do others of them, and as a wife and a mother and a teacher, I would give the same answer that Mr. Kreinhop did ­I would choose to lose my vision if it meant I could keep my hearing. I have two compelling reasons. First, my relationship with my children and my husband centers around the talking and listening that we do. Second, my vision of teaching has become one where teachers and students join as participants in discourse, which means they must actively communicate with each other, say what they are thinking and listen to each other to join in a conversation. The question and my answers to it interest me now in new and different ways. What are the differences between seeing and hearing that made/make these choices so simple and obvious for me? Here are two different sign systems. Well, actually more than two, but I am going to focus on the ones that are concerned with the communication of and between human beings, the systems upon which I based my choices. One is made up of visual signs, both verbal and nonverbal ­communication based upon writing, pictures and symbols. The other is also verbal and nonverbal, the spoken word and the sounds and intonations of the speech itself, as well as the silence that can be an invaluable component of listening and conversing. Visual sign systems are very important in our culture; so much of the communication in our society is based on visual signs, both verbal and nonverbal. If Seeing is Believing, Then Hearing is Connecting :: Psychology Hearing Seeing Essays If Seeing is Believing, Then Hearing is Connecting When I was in sixth grade, our teacher, Mr. Kreinhop, presented us with an interesting and provocative dilemma: would we prefer to lose our hearing or our sight? During the discussion that followed, I was very surprised to learn that Mr. Kreinhop's answer was different from my own. As an eleven year old, I could not understand why anyone would choose to lose their vision (!) instead of their hearing. My reasons for needing to keep my sight seemed so obvious to me. Without it, one cannot browse at the library, hide away with a good book, see a friend approaching, or "watch" a movie. Most importantly to a soon-to-be-teenager, one could not drive ­surely a necessity for an American wanting to be truly independent. Without vision, how could one ever do all the things I thought I needed to do? Now, as an adult who has done some of those things and who will never do others of them, and as a wife and a mother and a teacher, I would give the same answer that Mr. Kreinhop did ­I would choose to lose my vision if it meant I could keep my hearing. I have two compelling reasons. First, my relationship with my children and my husband centers around the talking and listening that we do. Second, my vision of teaching has become one where teachers and students join as participants in discourse, which means they must actively communicate with each other, say what they are thinking and listen to each other to join in a conversation. The question and my answers to it interest me now in new and different ways. What are the differences between seeing and hearing that made/make these choices so simple and obvious for me? Here are two different sign systems. Well, actually more than two, but I am going to focus on the ones that are concerned with the communication of and between human beings, the systems upon which I based my choices. One is made up of visual signs, both verbal and nonverbal ­communication based upon writing, pictures and symbols. The other is also verbal and nonverbal, the spoken word and the sounds and intonations of the speech itself, as well as the silence that can be an invaluable component of listening and conversing. Visual sign systems are very important in our culture; so much of the communication in our society is based on visual signs, both verbal and nonverbal.

Pre Twentieth Century Poetry War And Death Essay

To compare the way in which the two poets write about the subject of death. Use qoutations to support your views. The first poem is entitled Dulce Et Decorum est. This poem is written by Wilfred Owen, he served in the army in 1915 & died 3 years later in 1918. During this time he had a good account of what War was about. This poem is a very anti – war piece of poetry. He describes the war in gory details & the obvious aim is to discourage people from joining the war effort. He uses vivid descriptions to describe simple things. † Knock kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge† In the poem the soldiers are retreating, this poem is extremely grim and morbid. The author was trying to create a picture in our imagination of the horrid scenes. He is also trying to tell future generations not to fall for the old lie, Dulce Et Decorum Est Pro Patri Mori. This he claims is propoganda which will make you feel patriotic & want to die for your country. In the poem a fellow comrade dies from a gas attack. In certain parts of the poem he uses wild Similes, for example. † His hanging face, like a devils sick of sin â€Å" This appeals to most people because it catches your eye, it is a peom which can be confusing if you had no idea what was happening. This is different from other poems because it describes everything in detail. Halfway through the poem, the author describes what resembles a crude funeral. † If in some smothering dreams, you to could pace, behind the wagon that we flung him in. â€Å" The reason this is crude is because you wouldn’t fling someone into a hearse. I think the reason that they did that was because they are exhausted enough as it is without carrying extra weight. This poem is a basic warning to all future generations, although whether it worked or not is unknown. Personally it works for me as I would not join. The second poem is entitled, Stop All The Clocks. The author is W.H Auden. this poem was written during peacetime & isn’t as morbid and grim as the other poem by Wilfred Owen. This poem is more personal & more of a deeper feeling going into it the emotions that he was feeling at the time of writing. The poet was a homosexual & is writing about a lover, who is male. This makes no difference to the poem. It would be the same if he was a heteresexual. W.H auden uses some wierd words to describe his lover. † He was my North, my South, My East & West. â€Å" I think this means that he was the world to him. W.H auden’s poem sounds like he wrote this when his emotions were at there highest. the other poem seemed to be written after the war, the emotions in it wouldn’t be as strong. W.H Auden uses everyday objects to represent his feelings. † Stop all the clocks, cut the telephone. Prevent the dog barking with a juicy bone† This isn’t rare in poems but the words he uses are. If these were used in normal sentences then they would sound pretty normal. Overall both poems give an accurate account of War & Death, both peoms are good & are very well written. If i personally had to choose a poem that i liked, I would choose the Dulce Et Decorum Est. I think that it grabs peoples attention & it sounds more like a poem which would interest people. It gives an account into the past. I think both poems get there message across. War & Death is examplified well into both poems & both authors have done a good job to show this.

American History Since 1877 Essay

While it may be the case that a popular and misinformed view of the entry of the United States into World War Two has displaced that of historical accuracy for the majority of casual observers of history, those with a deeper immersion in the historical facts recognize a more complex and perhaps more profound set of reasons and circumstances that led to the US entry into the war. The casual and uninformed observer no doubt believes that Hitler’s conquests in Europe along with the terror-inspiring Nazi-sponsored U-boat warfare in the North Atlantic and beyond, along with the imperial Japanese invasion of China are the reasons for the US entry into the war. These ideas are sound enough, but they tell only a partial story, the exterior of the issues and events. Admittedly, the concrete reason for war was the Japanese surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in December 1941, a single event which demonstrated the intention of the Axis powers to rule the earth. However, this surprise attack gave rise to one of the war’s most enduring and over-riding myths: that America’s entry into the war was precipitated primarily on moral grounds. This idea proves to be particularly specious given the historical evidence: although moral obligation might be given as the reason for US entry into the war, one, with study can easily â€Å"rejects the purely moral justification of American entry into the war against Hitler,† (Russett, 1997, p. 44) and it is equally as thorny, although just as tempting,, to frame US conflict with Japan on purely moral grounds. While it is true that the Japanese, â€Å"were often unkind conquerors,† (Russett, 1997, p. 44)they were also â€Å"welcomed in the former European colonies of Southeast Asia, and Japan† (Russett, 1997, p. 44) and they were able to keep some good relations native rebels; so Japanese territorial expansion and influence was in no way one-sided or always regarded as brutal. Whether or not moral justification was desired or necessary for the US to declare war on Japan, it is â€Å"Hitler, not Tojo, who is customarily presented as the personification of evil† and therefore it is Germany, not Japan, which carries most of the weight of â€Å"moral justification† for the US entry into World War Two,† (Russett, 1997, p. 44) although even this position is tenuous weighed against the very real historical ambivalence displayed by the American government during Hitler’s rise to power and Germany’s subsequent campaign of European conquests. When Adolf Hitler rose to power in 1933 he had already divulged most of his far-reaching plans for war in Europe and especially for war in the east, against Russia. Also divulged was his violent antisemiticism and his ambition to attain global German and Nazi hegemony. In his celebrated â€Å"autobiography† Mein Kampf, Hitler made clear to whomever was paying attention (presumably the world) his â€Å"attitudes and plans which were the basis of the Nazi government and of his foreign policy. † (Goldston, 1967, p. 60) The policies and ambitions were â€Å"frankly stated for all the world to read† (Goldston, 1967, p. 60) and it is to the sorrow and pity of millions that Hitler’s blatant pronouncements went unheeded by politicians and generals throughout Europe. In fact, if a moral imperative played any role in the mind-set of the Western, future-Alllied, powers during this time, it was an imperative of peace. And it was precisely this imperative toward preserving peace: for Britain to prevent another Great War in Europe and for America to refuse involvement in another European war, which led to the tragic escalation of what began as a localized conflict into a global catastrophe. This mistake would be repeated at least three more times as the world sped toward World War Two. On at last three occasions: during the Anschluss when Hitler integrated Austria into the German Reich, again during Hitler’s military conquest of the Sudentland and, once more, when Hitler engineered the political conquest of Czechoslovakia at Munich, the post-war Treaty of Versailles had been broken. From the base of 100,000 troops permitted under the Versailles Treaty, Hitler, on 1 October 1934: ordered a trebling of army size, as well as the creation of an air force, which had been illegal under the Versailles terms. On 7 March 1936, troops were sent into the Rhineland, unilaterally abrogating the demilitarization of Germany’s western frontier provided for under the Locarno Pact† (Black, 2003, p. 4). Later, after this initial violation, â€Å"troops were sent into the Rhineland,† which broke the Treaty of Versailles openly. (Black, 2003, p. 4). In each of these cases, military intervention by France, Britain, and Russian was not only lawful, it was indicated by treaty: and, as is obviously the case looking back on history, each of the chances provided an opportunity for the Allied powers to prevent World War Two. During the invasion of the Sudentland, Hitler’s true ambitions lay elsewhere, he desired to invade Czechoslovakia, and in doing so, secure the German flank for an eventual invasion of the Soviet Union. Clearly, Germany was heading in the direction of war. So, any argument that Hitler or Germany’s were hidden or hard to understand is weak, if not plainly foolish. This fact, however, seemed to have little influence of the European policy of appeasement, which allowed not only human rights abuses in the Reich to continues unchallenged, but allowed for blatant military conquest of sovereign nations by Germany. Meanwhile, America’s isolationist vision towards continued, leaving Hitler with a free hand after his shrewdly engineered â€Å"Pact of Steel† had been concluded with his sworn enemy the Soviet Union. The US entered World war One slowly, and after â€Å"the conclusion of hostilities there was a wave of revulsion against war and military activity, † (Aldcroft, 1997, p. 8) which resulted in a public unwillingness to support intervention which might lead to military conflict. Though the pattern of appeasement followed by France and Britain in the wake of Hitler’s string of highly-visible conquests is difficult to understand, the apprehension toward war which had been seeded in the aftermath of World War One, â€Å"pacifism was strong in both Britain and France, in large part in response to the massive casualties in World War One† (Black , 2003, p. 4). as well as serious problems with the ensuing Treaty of Versailles are the best explanation for the malaise of the Allies. Instead of â€Å"responding forcefully against the successive breaches of the Versailles settlement,† (Black , 2003, p. 4). France and Britain decided to take a pretty much passive position in regards to Nazi Germany. Clearly these actions â€Å"encouraged Nazi expansionism† (Black , 2003, p. 4). even though the British and French governments were blind to the dangers of Nazism and believed that they were averting a war through their diplomatic efforts. Meanwhile, everyone concerned hoped Hitler’s conquests would be limited and that he would spend his time â€Å"ruling Germany† and not seeking conflict or expansion throughout Europe. Of course, these hopes turned out to be foolishly placed because â€Å"†Hitler’s aim–as he had set it down in Mein Kampf[†¦ ] was an expansion of Germany† (Jarman 206) and the outbreak of the war made those who had sought to make diplomacy the leading idea for dealing with Hitler had to admit that his diplomacy was merely a smokescreen to his desire to make war on those he believed were his enemies or those who opposed his plans for expansion for Germany. That he had already made all of his ambitions clear in his book was not important to the European leaders who dealt with Hitler initially; they just believed whatever he said to the loss of territories and thousands of peoples lives. (Jarman). Nothing seem to limit or stop the Allied policy of appeasement at Munich, which sacrificed the nation of Czechoslovakia to Hitler and the Nazis without a shot being fired. Hitler was also â€Å"determined to destroy Czechoslovakia, a democratic state that looked to other great powers for support† (Brown, 2004, p. 40); this would be a demonstration of the Reich’s power and intentions to expand its territories in the face of European opposition. Later, just â€Å"six months before the start of the Second World War, Czechoslovakia had ceased to exist,† (Brown, 2004, p. 40). and was incorporated into the Reich. Munich provided the most dramatic, and obvious, representation of Hitler’s ambitions and yet the irony is Germany would have been unable to match the military forces of the Allies during any of the three conquests outlined above. At the time of Munich, the German army could â€Å"muster only 31 divisions or regular troops and 7 reserve divisions;† (Brown, 2004, p. 40) this in contrasted with Allied powers â€Å"the French could hurl over 100 divisions and simply walk to Berlin. † (Brown, 2004, p. 40). In fact, the Czech army itself might have provide for its own protection had it been allowed to fight. Instead, Hitler was allowed to digest his conquests and plot his eventual war with the Soviet Union. No matter how considered the overwhelming historical evidence is that the Allies could have prevented the rise of global Nazism and the eventual outbreak of World War Two by abandoning their policies of appeasement and confronting the Third Reich with overwhelming military force. If moral justification had been lacking, one might interpret the Allied non-response to Hitler’s early acts of conquest and aggression as an act of graciousness — in sparing not only the soldiers but civilian populations from needless bloodshed. After-all, Germany had, her self only recently emerged from a terrible ravishment in the fiery end of World War One and her suffering under the Treaty of Versailles and the extraction of war-debts had brought Germany nearly to collapse. Even the Germans deserved better than a second war so closely following upon the Great War. If this had been the reasoning, in the absence of moral imperative, in the absence of signed treaties, and in the absence of military superiority, then even the Allied appeasement at Munich might have been at least understandable. Although the the Hitler-Stalin pact of August 1939 offered Germany protection from Soviet military retaliation and allowed the proposed invasion of Poland to take place without fear of Soviet reprisal. The Wehrmacht defeated the Polish army in just over 25 days and later when Spring allowed a more forceful and aggressive campaign strategy, the Wehrmacht descended upon the ‘low countries:† Denmark, Belgium, Norway, and the Netherlands. After two and a half months, the French surrendered. And even though the majority of the British expeditionary force to the continent escaped at Dunkirk, the British experienced the loss of their heavy equipment† (Russett, 1997, p. 25). Ultimately, Mussolini decided to launch Italy into the war only a fear days after France’s surrender. Meanwhile, America’s involvement in the war was limited to the implementation of the â€Å"The Lend-Lease Act, which was to pour billions of dollars of supplies into Britain† (Russett, 1997, p. 26) and also, pave the way for military involvement. Not only did US forces occupy Iceland, but â€Å"President Roosevelt had agreed that American ships would escort convoys–including British ships† (Russett, 1997, p. 26) to Iceland. This convoying was not entirely peaceful, it meant that â€Å"if German U-boats approached the American escorts were to â€Å"shoot on sight† (Russett, 1997, p. 26) to insure that the goods got through. These were steps to protect Britain and also steps toward total war. However, the role of â€Å"Lend_lease† itself proclaimed a total lack of moral imperative on the behalf of the American people regarding Hitler’s conquests in Europe. While Hitler was gobbling up Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland — and even before his physical conquest, during his rise to power — the same ethical and moral reasons for making war against the Nazi Regime existed as would exist many months later, after the destruction and deaths of millions of Europeans, Africans, Russians, Americans, and Japanese was assured by the conflagration of a World War. If there was a time when a moral imperative should have played a role in the events which ed to America’s involvement in World war Two, Munich makes much ore an apt case than Pearl Harbor. Looking back over the vents which preceded the invasion of Poland, there seems to be no moral impediment for American intervention in Hitler’s rising Nazi state. Meanwhile, in the Pacific war, where America’s ambitions and motivations toward war were much less ambiguously articulated, Japan continued with an â€Å"exhausting and seemingly endless war† (Russett, 1997, p. 45) which started with the Japanese invasion of Manchuria in 1931, and was â€Å"greatly escalated by the clash at the Marco Polo Bridge which expanded into severe open warfare with China in 1937† (Russett, 1997, p. 45); such considerations were deeply incongruous with American ambitions in Southeast Asia. The imperative, however, was not one of moral obligation but one of geopolitical power. The same can be said for the Hobson’s choice ultimately faced by the Japanese. Although the attack on Pearl Harbor appeared to the American public as an act of ruthless aggression; to the Japanese, given the dwindling options for an Imperial future, as we will discuss directly, the act might easily have been viewed as a defensive military act of aggression. The friction between the US and Japan over the â€Å"China Incident† stemmed basically from an opposition of geopolitical ambitions. Japan considered itself and Imperial power, one which was as entitled to territorial expansion and expansion of influence as Britain or the United States and it viewed Southeast Asia and China as residing within its natural spheres of influence. To give up ambitions in China would be admitting that Japan was a second or third-rate world power and the elite of Japan’s military and civilian leaders found such a decision impossible because it gave in entirely to American demands. Faced with such a choice, the Japanese began to orbit around diplomatically and then join into the Nazi-led Axis, since it was obvious that the British? American alliance was likely headed toward a Allied war in Europe anyway. In July of 1941, Japanese assets were frozen in America, and â€Å"the consequent cessation of shipment of oil, scrap iron, and other goods from the United States, Japan’s economy was in most severe straits and her power to wage war directly threatened† (Russett, 1997, p. 46) and her ability to make war was becoming severely threatened by the ongoing embargoes against her. Japanese military planners estimated that â€Å"reserves of oil, painfully accumulated in the late 1930s when the risk of just such a squeeze became evident, would last at most two years† (Russett, 1997, p. 46) by which time it would be far too late to make a stand, militarily, against the United States in China or elsewhere. Somehow, Japan had found its way to a â€Å"no good choices† scenario, with acquiescence to American demands dooming Japan to a less than coequal status with the world’s dominant powers, or war with the United States — sooner than later — before supplies dwindled below practical abilities to make war. Diplomatic efforts proved useless when â€Å"The United States, and the British and Dutch,† (Russett, 1997, p. 47) would end the embargoes only as a response to â€Å"Japanese withdrawal from air and naval bases in Indochina† (Russett, 1997, p. 47); and at this time the Japanese military began to consider war with the U. S. inevitable. Most of the Japanese elite â€Å"were opposed to any settlement which would in effect have meant withdrawal from China† (Russett, 1997, p. 47) which would also mean the increase of Western, particularly American influence, in precisely those ares which Japan’s ruling castes believed were the natural provinces of the Japanese Empire. It is impossible to view the preceding acts perpetrated against the Japanese as anything other than aggressive, if falling short of actual military warfare; it was clear that Japan was being pushed just about as far to the brink of war as any nation could be pushed. It is impossible to extract from the American non-intervention in Europe coupled with its seeking intervention by economic and diplomatic means in Manchuria and Southeast Asia a policy which is driven by moral, rather than global-poltical, imperatives. In fact, positing American neutrality throughout the early days of Hitter’s conquests with American proactive intervention in Japanese Imperial expansion requires one to admit very little in the way of moral imperative. While the Japanese military planned for war, the American government also planned for an escalation of hostilities: â€Å"By autumn 1941, however, opinion was crystallizing in the highest levels of the American decision-making system† (Russett, 1997, p. 50) this process was leading to war. Roosevelt â€Å"informally polled his cabinet on the question of whether the country would support war against Japan† (Russett, 1997, p. 50) and the result was that â€Å"All members responded in the affirmative† (Russett, 1997, p. 50); with public support behind the war, conflict with Japan seemed immanent. By the beginning of December their attack was irrevocably set in motion. The Japanese conviction that war could not be limited to the British and Dutch had to be based wholly on inference. Yet it was a correct analysis and a solid conviction, as shown by the otherwise inexplicable risk they took at Pearl Harbor â€Å"the attack ensured American popular support for the war in the Pacific, just as the moral argument against Hitler in Europe worked to fuel public support for the American entry into World War Two† ; so, in effect, where the brutality and obvious territorial ambitions of Hitler had failed to ignite American sentiment for war, the attack by Japan ignited an inferno that would draw the US into the most notable global conflict of the twentieth-century. (Russett, 1997, p. 51) In conclusion, the US entry into World War Two when studied at more than a popular â€Å"mythic† level, is a story which combines the global-political ambitions of many nations with the propagandistic impulse which is necessary to â€Å"sell† even just wars to the soldiers who must fight them and to the publics which must support them. The US entered World War Two not so much as an agent of moral â€Å"good† or to stop a great evil which was recognized as emerging from the Third Reich. As we have seen, if this had truly been the motivation for a US war against Germany, moral justification had been provided as early as 1933 when Hitler rose to power declaring his ambitions to shirk off the Treaty of Versailles, wipe out Soviet Russia and destroy the Jews. Certainly, by the time of the Munich agreement, Nazi Germany was a recognized threat to both world order and world morality. The facts of history, while deepening and shadowing the more broad strokes of myth, fail to eliminate altogether the essential ideas contained within the myth. While it is true that the US entered World War Two in what could properly be described as a â€Å"tardy† fashion, and failed to seize the opportunity to help to push the European Allies to a timely confrontation with the burgeoning Reich before the loss of millions, the fact remains that US involvement in World War Two was the triumph of good over evil adn did provide a victory for freedom, democracy, and humanism which did not exist in the Nazi state. However, it is important also to realize that one of the key Allies, Soviet Russia, stood as perhaps an even more corrupt regime than the Nazis, slaughtered as many, if not more, Jews, political prisoners, and Russian citizens, combined as the Nazi regime — the truths of history provide the seeds of myth and from those seeds, often, the fruit of what is essential can be tasted. If history shows that the US entry into World War Two was based less in moral grounds than myth would have us belive, it is also true that American morality and strength of character provided an indelible asset in claiming victory against both the Nazis and the Japanese during the Second World War. References Aldcroft, D. (1997). The Versailles Legacy. History Review, (29), 8+. Black, J. (2003). World War Two.New York: Routledge. Brown, M. D. (2004, December). The S. O. E. and the Failure of the Slovak National Uprising: Martin D. Brown Tells the Little-Known Story of How British and American Soldiers Disappeared in Slovakia’s Tatra Mountains during the Remarkable Episode of Slovakia’s National Uprising against Its Nazi-Supporting Government during the Second World War. History Today, 54, 39+. Jarman, T. L. (1956). The Rise and Fall of Nazi Germany (1st ed. ). New York: New York University Press. Russett, B. M. (1997). No Clear and Present Danger: A Skeptical View of the United States Entry into World War II. Boulder, Colo. : Westview Press. Goldston, Robert. (1967). The Life and Death of Nazi Germany. New York, Fawcett Premier. Payne, Robert. (1973). The Life and Death of Adolf Hitler. New York

18 Best Love Flowers A Practical Guide to Romantic Flowers

18 Best Love Flowers A Practical Guide to Romantic Flowers SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Buying flowers for a significant other can be a nerve-wracking experience. You want to choose a bouquet that’s in your budget, pretty, and will send the right message. Luckily, we’re here to help you craft the perfect bouquet of love flowers. In this article, we’ll first discuss what factors are important to consider when crafting romantic bouquets and Valentine’s flowers. Then, we’ll provide suggestions for the most appropriate flowers for the early phases of a new relationship, an established relationship, weddings, and anniversaries. We’ll wrap up with some flowers to avoid for romantic purposes. 4 Key Considerations When Creating a Romantic Bouquet There are several factors to consider as you try to choose the best flowers for love and romance purposes. Some are more practical, like cost and availability. But you should also consider the flower’s symbolic message and the personality of the recipient. Cost There are a couple of facets to cost: how much you can actually afford, and what cost level is appropriate for the occasion and relationship. Only you can really determine how much you can afford. But there are romantic flowers at pretty much all price points, and we’ve provided a helpful price index for all the flowers listed in this article: $ = 3 dollars per stem $$ = 8 dollars per stem $$$ = 8+ dollars per stem In terms of what is appropriate, in the early stages of a relationship, spending hundreds of dollars on an elaborate arrangement may come across as too much. You want to charm the recipient, not alarm them! However, it’s quite appropriate to be more extravagant in the context of a longer, more established relationship to mark significant milestones or occasions, if your finances allow it. For events like weddings, you might spend quite a lot on flowers. The Knot advises that you can expect to spend around 8% of your total wedding budget on all the flowers. For the budget-conscious, the Huffington Post has some sage tips on keeping wedding flower costs down. Buckets of wedding flowers could cost buckets of money! Seasonality/Availability/Climate Consider what love flowers are in season at any given point in time. Flowers that are in season locally will almost invariably be cheaper than something that has to be flown in from a thousand miles away. And some rarer flowers may simply not be available at particular points in the year. Seasonality is listed in this guide, but if you want further guidance as to what’s available at a given point in the year, consult with a florist. Additionally, flowers that do well in your particular climate will last longer and look better over time. This is especially true for any situation where the flowers will be outside and/or out of water for a long time. (Read: weddings). Symbolic Message After you’ve considered the practical parameters of your flower-buying endeavor, consider what the flowers you’re sending mean. Some meanings are obvious and well-known: red roses signify passionate love. Others, like the sweet pea, have less obvious meanings. (The sweet pea signifies lasting pleasure and bliss, FYI). However, the most meaningful bouquet will carry some symbolic significance beyond just â€Å"these flowers are pretty and I like/love you.† (That is a fine message to be sending! Just not the most thoughtful). There are also a few flowers you may want to avoid gifting due to their symbolic significance as specifically un-romantic flowers. See the last section of this article for a note on those. Ranunculus and white roses: means "you are charming," new beginnings, and soul deep love. Personality of the Recipient Unless someone actively dislikes flowers (which is possible and something you should try to find out before you give them to someone), most people will be happy to receive flowers of love from anyone they care about. However, for the most meaningful bouquet, consider the personality of the recipient. Are they a traditional romantic who would be happiest to get a bouquet of roses or lilies? Do they have subtle and subdued tastes better suited for lilac, aster, gladiolus, or sweet pea? Or maybe they are bold and unconventional and would appreciate bird-of-paradise or a potted orchid. Try your best to choose flowers that match the tastes of the recipient. Courtship and Early Romance Flowers When you’re trying to first express romantic feelings for someone or are in the earliest stages of a relationship, overly showy or intense flowers can come across as too much, too soon. However, subtler flowers with a more discreet message is a sweet and appropriate way to express romantic admiration. The following romantic flowers are excellent choices for the early stages of a new relationship. Aster Also called: Starwort, Michaelmas Daisy Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round; fall peak About This Love Flower The name â€Å"Aster† comes from the Greek and Latin words for â€Å"star.† Ancient Greek legend says the goddess Astraea looked down on earth from the sky and wept when she saw that there were no stars on earth. Her tears became the Aster flower. This flower represents daintiness, elegance, and small beginnings. It’s also a love talisman. These qualities make it an appropriate choice for the early stages of romance. The blooms are small and dainty and the flower comes in delicate, soothing colors of pink, white, purple, and blue. The aster expresses romantic admiration in a subtle and not overbearing way. Gerbera Daisy Also Called: Gerber Daisy, African Daisy, Transvaal Daisy Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower The Gerbera daisy is a bright and cheerful flower that blooms in a huge variety of bright colors. They symbolize cheerfulness, joy, and innocence. Because they are fairly hardy and last well over a week when cut, they are a common bouquet flower at all times of the year. They are readily available for purchase and fairly affordable. Gerbera daisies will bring cheer in the early stage of a relationship as an early flower for love. Hyacinth Also Called: Hyacinthus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring About This Love Flower The hyacinth flower gets its name from a Greek myth. Hyacinth was the young lover of Apollo, but Zephyr also admired Hyacinth. In his jealousy, he caused Apollo’s discus to strike Hyacinth, killing him. In his grief, Apollo transformed Hyacinth’s spilled blood into the hyacinth flower. As such, the hyacinth was dedicated to Apollo. Perhaps due to this myth, the hyacinth symbolizes young love. In 19th-century France, the flower communicated a kind of desperate, all-consuming love. The English connotation was more flirtatious and playful. In Victorian flower language, the different colors of purple, blue and white communicated different messages. Now, the message of young love remains, making hyacinth an ideal flower for a new courtship. Lilac Also Called: Syringa Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Spring, summer About This Love Flower With its heady scent and clusters of tiny blooms, lilacs are a welcome sign of the coming summer. To the Victorians, this flower represented the first emotions of love. This symbolism still holds today, as the lilac represents the earliest blush of love and the beginning of summer. The lilac also represents the bittersweet sadness of new lovers when they are forced to part for even a moment. Lilac is not as commonly available for purchase as some of the other flowers described here. You probably won’t find it in the grocery store. However, it’s in many cutting gardens and you may be able to buy it through a dedicated florist. If you are lucky enough to have access to lilacs for cutting, a bouquet of fresh-cut lilac is a stunning gift for a new paramour. Ranunculus Also Called: Buttercup (some species in the genus) Cost Range (per stem): $-$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round (winter-spring peak) About This Love Flower Small but lush ranunculus comes in many colors and makes a sweet bouquet. It sends the message that the recipient is charming and attractive- the perfect message for an early-romance gift! The message is the same regardless of the color, so pick whatever color your paramour will like best. These flowers can last up to a week in a vase. Valentine's Flowers and Romantic Flowers For a more established relationship, you may want to go with more opulent love flowers. Valentine’s day is a key occasion where your partner may want (or even expect!) beautiful flowers. We offer several floral options for a range of personalities and tastes that are appropriate for romantic occasions. Bird of Paradise Also Called: Strelitzia, crane flower Cost Range (Per Stem): $$ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring (tropical climates) About This Love Flower The exotic and striking Bird of Paradise is named for the tropical bird that it resembles. This showy flower signifies the wonderfully unexpected, magnificence, paradise, royalty, and joyfulness. For a lover who is bold and unconventional, an arrangement with bird of paradise captures an exuberant, opulent spirit. This makes it a perfect romantic flower for the right personality. This flower of lovesis native to South Africa. As the Bird of Paradise thrives in heat and humidity, they can be somewhat expensive outside of those climes. However, this flower is worth springing for to commemorate a truly special occasion! Carnations (Red) Also Called: Dianthus Caryophyllus, Clove Pink Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower The hardy carnation is thought to be native to the Mediterranean region. The carnation has historically been associated with love and marriage. Renaissance portraits often depicted betrothed couples holding a carnation. Red carnations in particular send a message of intense love and admiration. Red carnations are an affordable Valentine bouquet option when other Valentine’s day flowers are out of reach of your budget. They are a good option for affordable love flowers and romantic bouquets in general. They can last up to three weeks when cut and communicate passionate love without breaking the bank. Gladiolus Also Called: Gladiola, Sword Lily Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round, summer peak About This Love Flower With its blade-like sheaf of blooms, the gladiolus indicated to the Victorians that the receiver had pierced the sender’s heart. Now the flower symbolizes grace, fidelity, honor, and a strong character. Gladiolus is an excellent flower to express deep admiration for a significant other. It is especially appropriate for a more subtle personality- the type of person who might be overwhelmed by an enormous bouquet of oriental lilies or two dozen red roses. Lily Also Called: Lilium Cost Range (Per Stem): $$-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower The lily is known for its notably sizable blooms. The genus has incredible variation in color and pattern. The lily has been a sacred flower since ancient times. In the ancient near east it was associated with Ishtar, the goddess of love and fertility. Similarly, in Rome, the lily was a symbol of Venus; in Greece, a symbol of Hera. As Christianity overtook older traditions, the lily came to be associated with the Virgin Mary. In the Victorian era, it was the highest flattery to compare a woman to the Virgin Mary. As such, comparing a woman to a lily, Mary’s emblem, was to pay her high honor indeed. The white lily in particular symbolized purity, chastity, innocence, and modesty. The connotations of purity still persist somewhat, particularly with the white lily. However, lilies have also come to signify perfection, majesty, and excellence. Thus, it is a high compliment to gift someone lilies. Many consider lilies to be an incredibly romantic flower. As a showy and even bombastic floral option, lilies are one of the most striking and magnificent flowers of love. For a Valentine’s bouquet or other romantic occasion, lilies are an excellent choice. However, note that lilies are very poisonous to cats. So only give in a cat-free household! Or if your significant other has a cat, consider sending the flowers to their workplace if you know they won’t mind. Orchid Also Called: Orchidaceae Cost Range (Per Stem): $$-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower The tropical orchid family includes some of the most prized and exquisite of flowers. There are over 28,000 orchid species, displaying an astonishing variety of color, shape, size, and scent. The orchid symbolizes the exotic, the ecstatic, and the luxurious. It also signifies mature elegance, beauty, and refinement. However, orchids are not particularly common as a cut flower. This is because the actual flower stems are short, making the flowers incredibly hard to maintain in a bouquet. It’s more common to give an orchid as a potted houseplant. If your significant other has an interest in horticulture and would actually enjoy taking care of a plant, the orchid can be a romantic choice. The orchid is a meaningful romantic flower for love that sends the message that the receiver is highly prized and valued. But again- make sure your partner won’t be irritated that they need to take care of a plant! Roses (Red, Purple, or Orange) Also Called: Rosa Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower Roses are associated with love and romance and have been for centuries. In ancient Greece, the red rose was associated with Aphrodite, goddess of love. It was also an emblem of her Roman counterpart, Venus. To the Victorians, the rose signified love, and the deeper the love, the deeper the color. Red roses meant passionate love. Today, the rose is still primarily associated with love and beauty. Red roses in particular carry the signal of passion, desire, and romantic love. Today, red Valentine roses have become so ubiquitous as to be almost cliche. However, while red roses are undeniably love flowers, Valentine’s day may not actually be the best occasion to gift them. The flowers will be dramatically more expensive (think up to 400% increase in cost). The blooms themselves may also be of lower quality. So for Valentine’s flowers, consider expressing your flower-love some other way. Say, with one of the other blooms in this section! If you must do Valentine’s day roses, consider opting for another color. Purple and orange roses also have romantic messages, and can make truly striking arrangements. Purple roses send a message of enchantment. Lavender roses connote love at first sight. A deeper purple speaks of majesty, fascination, and adoration. That’s a romantic message for sure! Purple roses are especially appropriate for a significant other with a mystical turn of mind. Orange roses mean fascination, desire, passion, and energy. It’s a supercharged, zingy romantic flower. Coral roses convey an intense desire. Sweet Pea Also Called: Lathyrus odoratus Cost Range (Per Stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring About This Love Flower The sweet pea is native to the Mediterranean. This climbing flower emits a sweet honeyed scent when it blooms. With its profusion of blooms, it’s a well-loved choice for cutting gardens. It’s a little more difficult to find for purchase, but a specialty florist should be able to point you in the right direction. These blooms come in many colors, most commonly whites, pinks, blues and purples. The sweet pea was a hugely popular flower during the Victorian era, when it symbolized lasting pleasure and easy luxury. The sweet pea still symbolizes pleasure and bliss. If you’re looking for unique and sweet flowers for Valentine’s day or another romantic occasion, sweet peas fit the bill. Tulips (Red or Purple) Also Called: Tulipa Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$ Seasonal Availability: Winter, spring About This Love Flower Originally native to the mountains and steppes of central Asia, the perennial tulip has become one of the most popular flowers worldwide for both gardens and bouquets. The tulip is a romantic flower, whose strongest symbolic associations are with love and creativity. However, red and purple are the most romantic tulip colors by far. Red tulips signal a declaration of love. This symbolism comes from Persia. There, it’s said that the red of the petals represent the fire of the suitor’s love. The black center is the suitor’s heart, burned to coal by the strength and heat of their love. Purple tulips signify royalty. For an extra-special bouquet, consider mixing red and purple tulips. If you’re looking for an alternative to Valentine roses, tulips are a great choice. Tulips make great love flowers because of their vibrant blooms and meaningful symbolism. They also last a decent amount of time- about ten days- when cut. The Best Wedding Flowers Pretty much all of the flowers already mentioned would be appropriate for wedding bouquets, boutonnieres, centerpieces, etc. However, several additional flowers are particularly well-suited to weddings. Calla Lily Also Called: Zantedeschia aethiopica, arum lily, trumpet lily Cost Range (per stem): $$-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round (summer peak) About This Love Flower The calla lily is named for the Greek word for â€Å"beautiful.† Interestingly, the calla lily does not actually have a bloom. The part we think of as the flower is actually a leaf. They come in many colors, including bright orange and striking purple. However, they are most commonly used for weddings in their white incarnation. Calla lilies symbolize majestic beauty. White calla lilies represent purity, modesty, marital bliss and devotion. Purple calla lilies would also be appropriate, as they symbolize royalty and passion. Calla lilies come in both large and small varieties, making them ideal for both bouquets and boutonnieres. Lily of the Valley Also Called: Convallaria majalis, May bells Cost Range (Per Stem): $$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round, spring peak About This Love Flower The humble but striking lily of the valley was the emblem of the Norse goddess of the dawn, Ostara. In Christian lore, it’s said that the lily of the valley sprang from the tears of Mary as she wept at the cross. The lily of the valley represents purity, sweetness, and a renewal of happiness. This makes it a great choice for a wedding bouquet- especially one that’s not too neat or fussy. It’s fairly expensive on a per-stem basis. But only a few are necessary to make a beautiful bouquet. It can also be accented nicely with other flowers. Orange Blossom Also Called: Citrus Sinensis Cost Range (Per Stem): Not a typical bouquet flower; discuss with a florist Seasonal Availability: Spring About This Love Flower When the orange tree blooms- usually in April- it bears beautiful, fragrant white flowers. These flowers are closely associated with weddings in many cultures. It’s said that the crusaders brought the practice back to Europe from the Middle East, where Saracen brides wore the blossoms as a symbol of fecundity. In Victorian England the blossoms came to signify a bride’s purity. In Japan, orange blossoms symbolize chastity and eternal love. The blossoms have remained symbolic of a fruitful marriage, loveliness, and innocence. For a traditional (and pleasantly fragrant) wedding flower experience, use orange blossoms in the bridal headpiece or bouquet. Roses (White) Also Called: Rosa Cost Range (Per Stem): $-$$$ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower The white rose bears many different shades of meaning. It’s said that white roses accompanied the birth of Aphrodite from the sea. In the Christian era the white rose was associated with the Virgin Mary. To the Victorians, it signified chastity and innocence. The white rose most traditionally symbolizes purity. However, it also symbolizes new beginnings, loyalty, and soul-deep love. This make it a very appropriate wedding flower. Cream roses in particular are considered very bridal flowers. Stephanotis Also Called: Madagascar jasmine, bridal flower Cost Range (per stem): $ Seasonal Availability: Year-round About This Love Flower White, trumpet-shaped Stephanotis is native to Africa and heavily perfumed. Its also the quintessential wedding flower, as it symbolizes marital happiness. Its delicate blooms, sweet scent, and symbolic meaning make it an extremely popular flower for wedding bouquets and boutonnieres. It can be a filler in an arrangement with larger blooms, or clusters of stephanotis can be the focal point. Wedding Anniversary Flowers When you’re picking flowers for a wedding anniversary, first ask yourself: Do I want to give the traditional flower associated with the anniversary, or do I want to branch out? If your spouse doesn’t even know that there are specific anniversary flowers, you’re probably better off choosing something you know s/he will appreciate. Any of the romantic flower choices could be good choices for anniversary flowers. If, however, your think your spouse would appreciate receiving the traditional anniversary bouquet for your designated year of marriage, here’s a chart with the breakdown. (Note that past the fifteenth year, there aren’t flowers for every year anymore!) Chart Anniversary Flower 1st Carnation 2nd Lily of the valley 3rd Sunflower 4th Hydrangea 5th Daisy 6th Calla lily 7th Freesia 8th Lilac 9th Bird of paradise 10th Daffodil th Tulip 12th Peony 13th Chrysanthemum 14th Orchid 15th Roses 20th Aster 25th Iris 30th Lily 40th Gladiolus 50th Yellow roses and violets This could be a beautiful anniversary bouquet. Love Flowers To Avoid You have a lot of options for flowers of love. But what about flowers you should avoid? Here are a few types of flowers you may want to leave out of your romantic bouquets. Yellow Flowers Yellow flowers typically symbolize one of two things: platonic friendship or jealousy. Neither of these are particularly auspicious messages for romance. I’m not saying you can never send yellow flowers to someone you're in a relationship with: if yellow is their favorite color, or you have an established relationship and you want to send some cheer, yellow might be appropriate. But early in a relationship, you may want to avoid yellow’s ambiguous symbolism. Flowers With Un-romantic Symbolism In addition to yellow flowers, there are several other plant varieties that don't lend themselves to very romantic messages: A gift of narcissus indicates that the recipient is self-obsessed and egotistical. Not the most heartfelt and romantic message! Lavender signifies distrust, perhaps because it was frequently used to conceal unpleasant odors. A striped carnation signifies refusal of love. Snapdragons signify both graciousness and deception, so this is another flower that may be fraught with romantic peril. You might want to avoid these blooms. Flowers That Will Poison Your Pets or Children Nothing kills romance faster than a dead puppy. If your beloved has pets (or children) at home, avoid giving flowers that are poisonous to the household denizens! Some of the biggest poison culprits are lilies and calla lilies. You can look up other plants poisonous to children here and other plants poisonous to pets here. Remember, roses are edible- making them pretty much non-toxic to all! So they're generally a safe bet. Flowers That Trigger Allergies Does your beloved get hay fever? Then there are a few flowers you should avoid, unless you want them to sneeze whenever they get too close to your bouquet! The asteraceae family may trigger allergies. This family includes asters, dahlias, daisies, Gerbera daisies, and chrysanthemums. Lilies also have pollen, but you can trim off the stamens before gifting the flower, eliminating the problem. In general, flowers with smaller blooms produce more pollen than larger flowers, making them more of an issue for allergy sufferers. Definitely not a great flower for love! So definitely don't pick poisonous yellow flowers with lots of pollen! Key Takeaways: Finding the Perfect Love Flowers When it comes to buying romantic flowers, not all blooms are created equal! When choosing the best bouquet for a loved one, you’ll need to consider: Price: What can you afford, and what’s appropriate to spend? Seasonality/availability: what flowers are available? Symbolism: What flowers send the most appropriate symbolic message? Personality of the recipient: What flowers match the recipient’s style, taste, and personality? Different flowers are potentially appropriate for different points in a relationship. Flowers particularly appropriate for early in a courtship include the aster, the gerbera daisy, the hyacinth, the lilac, and the ranunculus. Blooms well-suited to romantic occasions and Valentine’s bouquets include the bird-of-paradise, red carnations, gladiolus, lilies, orchids, roses (orange, red, or purple), the sweet pea, and red or purple tulips. The most appropriate wedding flowers include the calla lily, the lily of the valley, orange blossoms, white roses, and stephanotis. For wedding anniversaries, you can give your significant other either the designated anniversary flower for your years of marriage or an appropriately romantic bouquet of your choosing. Here’s what you should avoid when crafting a romantic bouquet: Yellow flowers- they mean either platonic friendship or infidelity Flowers with negative or ambiguous symbolism, like narcissus, lavender, striped carnations, and snapdragons. Flowers poisonous to any pets or children that live at the recipient’s home Blooms that will trigger allergies, if the recipient has them Armed with this info, you’re ready to craft the most romantic bouquet the world (or at least your paramour) has ever seen!

Free Essays on The Economic And Cultural Impacts Of Polish Immigration Into Chicago From 1860-1920

Without the immigration of the Poles, the city of Chicago would not be what it is today. Polish Americans have given Chicago a unique characteristic that no other city has. The distinctive lifestyle of the Poles and their dedication to hard work has helped transform the city of Chicago into what it is today. During the years from 1870-1899, life for the Poles was difficult and life threatening (Bukowska 7). The Russians took control of Poland after the insurrection of 1863 (â€Å"Where Eastern† 3). Russia tried to destroy the Polish culture by changing the official language of Poland to Russian. The use of the Polish language was restricted, and the Russian language was introduced into Poland’s schools (Bukowska 7). Soon every part of Poland had been transformed into the provinces of the Russian Empire (Bukowska 7). Bound by foreign oppression, many Poles fought on various battlefields for â€Å"our freedom and yours†(Haiman 1). Through out the period from 1860-1920, two million Poles immigrated into the United States because of religious and economic differences in their homeland (Levinson 695). Polish Americans led the immigrant wave to the United States (Reardon 1). A trip to American from northwestern Europe rarely exceeded twelve days (Pacyga 35). Many of the Polish immigrants intended to return to their homeland when the condition improved or when Poland regained its independence. Yet, they seldom returned. Many immigrants followed a chain migration. The main reasons for immigration into the United States were to follow in the footsteps of a family member or a friend who had Kielbasa 2 already immigrated into the US, and another is the fact that many Poles wanted to earn extra money for a specified end (Levinson 696). Polish settlements in the United States reflected that of the economic conditions in Poland. Polish immigrants were poor peasants that came to the United States za chlebem (for bread)(Holli 174). Most of ... Free Essays on The Economic And Cultural Impacts Of Polish Immigration Into Chicago From 1860-1920 Free Essays on The Economic And Cultural Impacts Of Polish Immigration Into Chicago From 1860-1920 Without the immigration of the Poles, the city of Chicago would not be what it is today. Polish Americans have given Chicago a unique characteristic that no other city has. The distinctive lifestyle of the Poles and their dedication to hard work has helped transform the city of Chicago into what it is today. During the years from 1870-1899, life for the Poles was difficult and life threatening (Bukowska 7). The Russians took control of Poland after the insurrection of 1863 (â€Å"Where Eastern† 3). Russia tried to destroy the Polish culture by changing the official language of Poland to Russian. The use of the Polish language was restricted, and the Russian language was introduced into Poland’s schools (Bukowska 7). Soon every part of Poland had been transformed into the provinces of the Russian Empire (Bukowska 7). Bound by foreign oppression, many Poles fought on various battlefields for â€Å"our freedom and yours†(Haiman 1). Through out the period from 1860-1920, two million Poles immigrated into the United States because of religious and economic differences in their homeland (Levinson 695). Polish Americans led the immigrant wave to the United States (Reardon 1). A trip to American from northwestern Europe rarely exceeded twelve days (Pacyga 35). Many of the Polish immigrants intended to return to their homeland when the condition improved or when Poland regained its independence. Yet, they seldom returned. Many immigrants followed a chain migration. The main reasons for immigration into the United States were to follow in the footsteps of a family member or a friend who had Kielbasa 2 already immigrated into the US, and another is the fact that many Poles wanted to earn extra money for a specified end (Levinson 696). Polish settlements in the United States reflected that of the economic conditions in Poland. Polish immigrants were poor peasants that came to the United States za chlebem (for bread)(Holli 174). Most of ...

Archaism - Definition and Examples

Archaism s An archaism is a word or phrase (or a particular meaning of a word or phrase) that is no longer in common use and is considered extremely old-fashioned. Etymology:  From the Greek, ancient, beginning Pronunciation:  ARE-kay-i-zem Also Known  As:  lexical zombie A  grammatical archaism  is a sentence structure or word order thats no longer in common use in most dialects.   Linguist Tom McArthur notes that literary archaism occurs when a style is modeled on older works, so as to revive earlier practices or achieve the desired effect. (Source: Concise Oxford Companion to the English Language, 2005) Examples The old man raised the axe and split the head of John Joel Glanton to the thrapple.(Source: Cormac McCarthy, Blood Meridian, 1985)[Nick Faldo] speaks in a jaunty, clipped, wised-up vernacular, mixing street-smart patter with solid analysis. His vocabulary is rich in curious archaisms- jeepers, crumbs, gee- and eccentric asides.(Source: Jason Cowley, Nicks Second Coming. The Guardian, Oct. 1, 2006) 19th-Century Archaisms We do not have to go back as far as Elizabethan English or the Middle Ages to encounter archaisms. Here are some from the Victorian and Edwardian eras: beastly (as in so beastly critical) blest, deuced (if I know) capital! (as an exclamation of delight) very civil (of you) confound you! damnable cheek guvnor luncheon pray (come in) (you) rotter spiffing And might we not say that daddy-o is an archaism, even though it was alive and well in the 1960s? (Source: David Crystal, Words, Words, Words. Oxford University Press, 2006) 20th-Century Archaisms Among the technological archaisms Ive had to explain to the Tuned In children- what a record is, why they call it dialing a phone, the fact that, once, you couldnt rewind TV shows- is the fact that, a long time ago, musicians used to make little movies of their songs, and people would watch them on TV. (James Poniewozik, Wake Up and Smell the Cat Food in Your Bank Account. Time magazine, May 2, 2007) Stuff It is rather odd to see that the OED [Oxford English Dictionary] defines the word care as some kind of stuff. This seems at first glance to be a rather nonspecific definition to find in what is arguably the greatest dictionary ever created. But it is actually very specific- just a bit archaic. The word stuff has had a variety of meanings through the ages, and at the time that this definition was written, in 1888, it referred to (among other things) a woollen fabric or material for the gown worn by a junior counsel.(Source: Ammon Shea, Dated Definitions. The New York Times, Aug. 12, 2009) Archaisms and Register It should be added . . . that there is a problem with the identification of archaism, since archaisms are  sometimes not archaic in the register in which they are used. For example, thee and thou are not archaic forms in a certain type of poetic register; they are archaic only in relation to our contemporary day-to-day speech. Thus the use of an archaism can be interpreted as either conforming to a register or looking back to the past (or both). . . . Only by using a dictionary such as the OED, which is a historical dictionary, giving the meanings of words over time, will you be able to find out whether certain words were current or archaic at the time of writing.​  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹(Source: Martin Montgomery et al.,  Ways of Reading: Advanced Reading Skills for Students of English Literature, 3rd ed. Routledge, 2007) The Lighter Side of Archaisms Frank Rossitano: Yo Tray, we got a problem. Tracy Jordan as President Thomas Jefferson: Pray, who be this Tracy Jordan thou speakest of? Frank: Eh, President Jefferson, we got a problem. Tracy: Speaketh. Frank Rossitano: That horse ate your wig. Tracy: Well, stand guard by his rump and await it in his droppings.(Source: Judah Friedlander and Tracy Morgan in Corporate Crush. 30 Rock, 2007)

Jimmy Webb Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Jimmy Webb - Essay Example He creates the melody, using piano that fit reincarnation of the souls with the song seeming to be timeless (Streissguth 225). He shows that the daily experience should influence songwriting. In the song plot, first Jimmy start by talking about the highwayman giving clear incidence and this continues in the other part of the song. Reincarnation is evident when he says in other part of the song that may be he will become a highwayman again. This gives the song the plot and theme while focusing on different scenes of life and feelings at the time. Reincarnation is clear when he promises to come back again. The rhythm of the song gets better with the rhyming words in the song. With changing tempo of the song in correspondent to the melody puts the song in the right context. The song seems to have a life with combination of melody and rhythm. The song also has predictability in death of characters but uncertainty in what happens to them. The presence of the rhyming words and melody shows the dedication in creating the song including verification to make it

In what ways and why did the character of the nineteenthcentury Essay

In what ways and why did the character of the nineteenthcentury Scottish economy and society differ from that of the rest of Britain - Essay Example "Treaty of England" held a year earlier, and was put into action by the "Acts of Union", which was passed by the Parliaments of both of the kingdoms. Scotland witnessed a lot of pretest across the country, due to this union1. After the union, Scotland maintained to have their separate legal system, from England, Wales and Northern Island. Not just legal system, Scotland kept its education system, and Church of Scotland separate and it is the reason that Scotland maintained its uniqueness in all these times. It helped in keeping the Scottish culture and Scottish national identity since the union2. Though, it is not a separate country now, but still they tried to maintain their national identity. Scotland has a large abundance of natural resources from fertile land, and this land is suitable and considered best for the cultivation. Other than cultivated land, it also produces minerals and there are resources of different minerals in Scotland, such as coal, zinc, iron and oil shale etc. and the reservoirs of coal seams beneath central Scotland, and in the areas of Ayrshire and Fife. These reservoirs of coal contributed a great share in the industrialization of Scotland, during the 19th century. The mining of coal was a huge employment generator in the 19th century, though it declined now, due to the cheap coal, which is imported from the other countries. The Industrial Revolution was witnessed heavily in Scotland, as the Scottish Economy is well known for its heavy industries in 19th century. The heavy industry includes the shipbuilding, coal mining and steel industries, these industries attracted a lot of people from the neighboring states and countries, who came in search of jobs and finally settled here. The growth of Scottish economy is also due to the fact that British Empire had allowed Scottish economy, to export their goods throughout the world and it was due to the presence and participation of Scottish people in the British Empire. No doubt, Scotland left behind the England and the other states at that time. The Scotland witnessed a great political and industrial change during the nineteenth century. Industrial revolution was the talk of town and Scotland was taking full advantage of it, and heavy industries were making their way not only in the country but also in the world, as the Scottish products were being exported throughout the world. These industries generated a lot of employment opportunities and hence many poor people from the neighboring countries, such as Ireland, came in search of jobs and in the same way, labour movements begin to form. This development lead the Scotland to improve the living standard of their citizens and like this, proper measures were taken, which made a base to improve the situation of poor people in the country and also few new laws were introduced, such as poor laws. Laws were passed in the parliament, which demands the betterment of the poor people in the country and they were approved by the parliament and like this, the living standard of the poor was improved, and they started living a better and safe life. Laws introduced at that era were, poor laws, sanitation and education. Though, these changes were

The Life of a Woman Found Guilty of a Crime under Sharia Law Research Paper

The Life of a Woman Found Guilty of a Crime under Sharia Law - Research Paper Example Islamic nations embracing the Islamic law dictate the conduct of women in the society. The law, primarily, prohibits sexual activity outside of marriage. In most cases, women usually face difficulties in defending themselves against this law. According to the provision of the law, the public has a jurisdiction of monitoring the conduct of women. This condition deprives women of making free choices over what kind of men they should marry. The case of Malaysian woman Siti Zan Binti Kamarudin against Public Prosecutor, held in 1979 for example, found the woman guilty without subjecting the man who impregnated the woman guilty. In essence, while the law intended to protect the society from moral decadence, it failed to handle male counterparts who contributed an equal amount to moral decay. In the sentence remark, the judge of the case indicated, the Siti had the right to sex; however, her parents had to take an active role in getting a man for their daughter. In Nigeria, Amina Lawalâ₠¬â„¢s sentence did not only attract international condemnation but also challenged the liberty law promoted globally. Although Amina was guilty of Zina as proved in the courts, the death sentence through stoning was cruel than the crime she had committed. Ironically, men in the same saga did not have a case to answer. In most cases of women convicted by the law, the evidence adduced in the case by the prosecutor usually show that women had an extra material affair because they have given birth to children.... Although Amina was guilty of Zina as proved in the courts, the death sentence through stoning was cruel than the crime she had committed. Ironically, men in the same saga did not have a case to answer. In most cases of women convicted by the law, the evidence adduced in the case by the prosecutor usually show that women had an extra material affair because they have given birth to children. This attribute makes the law selective. The provision in the law may subject women to sentence such as receiving strokes along side a jail term depending on the gravity of the case. Largely, the sexual desire that women harbor is not under their control but under the desire of men. It is the will of the man to choose when to have sex. In this sense, women act as minors who seek the guidance of a man in the society. The Sheria law prohibits a woman from entering into a relationship with non-Muslims. For instance, the case of Sakina binti Husain v Public prosecutor of Malaysia found Sakina guilt aft er she argued in the court that she had been cohabiting with a non-Muslim (Otto, 2011). Reading the convicting statement, the judge noted that Sakina had walked out of the precepts of the law by engaging in a relationship with a man who did not belong to his faith. Women convicted under Sheria law face public humiliation because the provisions of the law demand that the execution of the sentence has to occur in public domain. Women suffer psychologically under the Sharia law. It is traumatizing to think of the atrocities committed to women without choice. Largely, human values do not apply in countries that administer Sharia law. Women testimony does not fully count as that of a man in

The Life and Achievements of Mao Zedong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Life and Achievements of Mao Zedong - Essay Example He attended a village school and gained basic education subsequent to going back to toil in the fields. His father wanted him to marry at 14 years, Mao Tse-tung was too ambitious, and he declined (Cheek Web). He left home when around 16 years and joined a secondary school in Changsha to accomplish his passion for education. The revolution of 1911against the Qing government erupted while he was 17 years. The revolution, which Mao supported, resulted in overthrow of Qing dynasty. He later joined and served in the Republican army before resuming his studies at Changsha. The republican government was disorganized and unsuccessful in most of it undertakings (Andrew and Rapp 290-300). Mao graduated from middle school after which he joined Beijing University where he devoted himself to Marxism. He wrote and published journals to advocate for reforms. Still at the University, he met with Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu the initiators of Chinese Communist Party, which he later became the chairperson . While at the university, he developed into a radical intellectual and together with other drastic intellectuals, he pioneered Marxist Theory between 1918 and 1919. After returning to Changsha, he became increasingly affectionate of Russian revolution as well as Marxism (Andrew and Rapp 43). In 1920, he settled in Changsha where he still wrote articles as well as planned labor unions. He also joined Nationalist Party also referred to as Guomingdang (GMD) and worked toward uniting it with CCP hoping to form a solitary nationalist government. However, CPP was growing rampantly and leaders of GMD started causing havoc, which caused execution of some communist leaders leading to a split and great enmity between CPP and GMD. Uprisings between CCP and GMD made Mau flee to mountains in Jiangxi province with his army. He thus became separated from CCP activities as he was more occupied in training his army (Jiang 22). In 1929, Mau together with some CCP leaders formed the Jiangxi Soviet, w hich was constantly attacked by the anti-communist GMD. In 1934, CPP loyalist matched from Jiangxi Soviet to Shaanxi in the illustrious â€Å"Long March† after which Mao was elevated to a higher rank in CPP leadership. In 1943, Mao became the Chairman of Communist Central Committee (Terril 150). During most of this period, Japanese had invaded some parts of China until 1945 after America bombing at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Controversy heightened between CCP and GMD till around 1949 when GMD was defeated, its leader together with it army fled to Taiwan, and Mao launched People’s Republic of China (Cheek Web) From 1966 to 1976, Mao launched Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution with which he activated students to stub out old traditions, which gave rise to chaos. 1n 1972, Mao invited united president Richard Nixon to china, an abysmal action after years of bad Sino- American relations. Mao Tse-tung died at 81 years in 1976. Mao is attributed for several achievements. He i s remembered for leading the China’s communist revolution. He was so charismatic that his utterances mobilized million of people. He is termed as the most influential China’s leader of the 20th century who revolutionized china to modern world. Some Chinese frequently criticized the imperialism, which they claimed was undermining the Chinese culture and beliefs (Terril 98). However, Mao worked hard to bring change and civilization in China. His

Impact of English and TESOL in the Middle East Essay

Impact of English and TESOL in the Middle East - Essay Example As the report stresses the institutions that use English as a Foreign Language are broadly divided into two categories. The first category is institutions that teach the English language as a foreign language in non-English speaking countries. These institutions maybe international or local in nature and may conduct all their learning in English or offer it as a language course. The second category is learning institutions in English speaking countries, which tutor foreign learners to use English. The foreign learner maybe a student that is enrolled in a formal learning institution in pursuit of certification or an immigrant who enrolls in English classes in order to gain the use of the English language for daily living. According to the paper the discovery of oil in the gulf countries made it necessary for them to engage in economic activities with the rest of the world that were mainly English speaking. In fact, most of the imported labor that was needed was English speaking and th erefore made it necessary for businesspersons to learn the language. The technological advances in the world have changed it into a global village, which has forced many to learn English, which is the most commonly, used language in the world. The internet and globalization has bought on a change of lifestyle changes around the world. This has brought an awareness of goods and services around the world via the internet and media.  

Coursework world war 1 what events didworld war 1 cause and what were Essay

Coursework world war 1 what events didworld war 1 cause and what were the short and long term impacts of this war - Essay Example The Germans had to lose a large piece of their lands as their colonial power was dissolved and restrictions on armed forces as well as the war machinery were imposed. The size of the troops was restricted and Germany was not allowed to have an air force. The treaty also held Germany solely guilty for the bloodshed and demanded economic compensation for the damages done during the war. As a result, Germany lost areas of Alsace and Lorraine. Part one of the treaty stated a creation of a universal body that would maintain universal peace and hence the League of Nations was born. League of Nations was formed with an aim to arbiter international disputes and to play an important role in preventing future wars. The treaty of Versailles treaty created a wave of fury and unrest in the entire Germany and played a major role in initiating World War II by lighting the fire of vengeance in the heart of Germans. The end of World War I brought an economic recession in most of the participating cou ntries. The most visible short term impact of the war was inflation of prices, which affected almost every country including America. The countries had to break away from the gold policy and started issuing currency freely, taxes were increased and unavailability of goods became a common issue. As a result, thousands of people went bankrupt and many died at the hands of poverty.

Impact of English and TESOL in the Middle East Essay

Impact of English and TESOL in the Middle East - Essay Example As the report stresses the institutions that use English as a Foreign Language are broadly divided into two categories. The first category is institutions that teach the English language as a foreign language in non-English speaking countries. These institutions maybe international or local in nature and may conduct all their learning in English or offer it as a language course. The second category is learning institutions in English speaking countries, which tutor foreign learners to use English. The foreign learner maybe a student that is enrolled in a formal learning institution in pursuit of certification or an immigrant who enrolls in English classes in order to gain the use of the English language for daily living. According to the paper the discovery of oil in the gulf countries made it necessary for them to engage in economic activities with the rest of the world that were mainly English speaking. In fact, most of the imported labor that was needed was English speaking and th erefore made it necessary for businesspersons to learn the language. The technological advances in the world have changed it into a global village, which has forced many to learn English, which is the most commonly, used language in the world. The internet and globalization has bought on a change of lifestyle changes around the world. This has brought an awareness of goods and services around the world via the internet and media.  

Information Systems In Business Organizations Essay Example for Free

Information Systems In Business Organizations Essay The website of PC Magazine, upon looking at its physical makeup, and design, was designed to entice and provoke consumers all over the world, some of them, I assume, are hooked on online shopping, to purchase products featured on their website. The home page of the website appears to be patches of commercial billboards as it is occupied by advertising ads publicizing their line of products. Some of the wide variety of products presented in the website includes printers, digital cameras, laptops, mobile phones, software and hardware products for computers, mp3 players, to flash drives, speakers, projectors, subscriptions for PC magazine as well, and many more. There is also a broad range of links that you can visit that depends on your fields of interest. For online window shoppers, there is a link for product guides and reviews. Products available in the market, including all brand names, companies and corporations who pay Pcmag.com for advertisements, and product partners, are reviewed and rated. The reviews are useful enough, containing the positive and negative feedbacks of each product. The ratings on the other hand are based on the features, compatibility to other gadgets, design, and the price of the product. There are also software products, for shareware, demo trial, and freeware that the online client can sample and access. As tagline of the Pcmag.com goes, their website is intended for an independent individual. To prove their claim, they have provided links for how-to’s, do-it-yourself’s, tips and guides, and video blogs. For the online information-seeker, there are links for news updates and columns about products in the market, whether these are upgrades, new product launches, additional reviews, comments, etc. Aside from the advertisements plaguing the website, there is also a separate link for online shoppers, which constitute numerous merchandises that are available for purchasing, shopping options, and technology solutions. Moreover, there are discussion boards for online clients who wish to communicate with other online clients about gadget finds, current trends, and other issues about technology and its advances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, the website of PC Magazine spells out the words â€Å"to sell.† There isn’t any link in the website which does not feature an advertisement or stimulating signs such as low prices, sales, and discounts for products. For each mouse click, there is always a provocation to purchase gadget items. The website accommodates online shoppers, online window shoppers, and consumers deciding on what products to purchase for their particular needs and why. However, pcmag.com primarily caters to businesses or corporations that are planning advertising strategies for the promotion of their products. In as much as the website would want to display themselves as a consumer-centered community, it is likely that business corporations are more benefited by them than their consumers. People who are knowledgeable about management and marketing issues or even rational consumers who are not easily swayed by advertising would know this. Advertising is a very powerful and persuasive tool in stimulating consumers to believe what they are trying to sell. It does not even contribute much to information technology because it is only concerned with the promotions of software and hardware products. Although there are links provided for how-to’s and such, it still lacks depth and beneficial information to sustain the demands of learning information technology. The extensive amount of information provided in each link would be a subject of interest to you if you are a techie and gadget-dependent or if you want to learn how to operate gadgets that are widely used nowadays. If these are your objectives in visiting the sites, then it would be an advantageous and helpful thing for you to do. The product guides and reviews would prove to be the most interesting and valuable links for consumers, as it has the most consumer-centered feel to it. In general, the usefulness and value of the website depends upon your needs and concerns.

Helicopter Toy Parts and Material Analysis

Helicopter Toy Parts and Material Analysis Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Selection Process of Suitable Materials 3. Potential Failure of Product 4. Sustainable Engineering Aspects of Selected Materials 5. Practical materials evaluation Helicopter Base Heli Pipe Helicopter Case Helicopter Rotor 6. Conclusion 7. References 1. Introduction Now-a-days all over the world use of technology has been increased more than demands. In all aspects technology is surrounded us. Such use of technology comes from the concept of automation. To automate the communication system in the air helicopter connects the era to a new technological world. Helicopter has made the communication easier than before. It is used even the security purpose recently. Helicopter mainly is used in the defense sector of a country. But today at every university is taking advanced step to do research on helicopter. Helicopter toy is used to do aerodynamic research in university laboratories. Drone is the latest recent research of helicopter. â€Å"Everything should be automated† that is the motive of people of every sphere. Complexity of parts selection increases with the demands of them. To select the appropriate parts for a product implementation one is to take so many risks and hazards. It is not easy to choose quality products to be implemented. Quality product selection process enhances full process of the product implementation. New research demands new types of parts to buy for latest technology. Latest technology expands the way to do research more in the advanced level. 2. Selection Process of Suitable Materials Before running a project or product we need to select appropriate materials that are available and appropriate for our design and design implementation. Some points need to be remembered before buying parts such as costs, availability, acceptability, material properties, environment friendly or not, stressing capability etc. Depending on these properties product is designed and shows performance. The best the quality of material the best the performance of the product. Performance evaluation completely depends on these properties. For designing a helicopter the following parts are needed for basic functioning. Such as body, blade, blade shaft, fans, case, rotor, heli base, heli pipe etc. These parts are made of aluminum, plastic, carbon fiber, fiber glass etc. All the parts are available at stores. All the parts are bought separately from the near able and reliable stores and then assembled. After complete assembling a helicopter gets ready. After doing that rotating parts are set. The machine code need to be embedded and make the helicopter ready to fly. Maximum helicopter runs with remote control. If it happens then a remote control need to be bought with higher performance and radio frequency quality. If the remote control efficiency degrades then helicopter will not be operated from remote distance. Remote control contains some area embedded on the board. The left portion controls the collective control and right side button controls the cyclic controls. It also contains throttle stick, direction stick, left and right trims buttons etc. 3. Potential Failure of Product Some critical moments rises after buying the materials. The parts do not show their performances perfectly according to their specifications. Like, for helicopter, a rotor does not rotate according to the code embedded. This occurs because of the temperature or other natural effects. If any product says it is 100% efficient it shows 80-90% efficiency in reality. Some deviation happens each time. Calculations should be done considering these unavoidable issues. Potential failure contains the metal fatigue and creep and their effects. When fatigue occur the metal get weakened and metal stress capability is lessened. Frequent loading and unloading cause fatigue to the metal properties. Fatigue depends on some other natural criteria such as temperature, humidity and metal stress. The stress tolerance capability of metal indicates the longevity. High stress tolerance let the metals to be lasted for more time. Steadiness of materials provides services to the developed products. Another effect of failure or damage is creep of metal. Creep stands for deformation. Deformation of particles inside the metal depicts in the microscopic view. 4. Sustainable Engineering Aspects of Selected Materials At the time of choosing materials for design engineering value should be added to this design. Engineering term increases the value of products. Engineering terms introduce a product with technical aspects. Every materials/parts should be technically evaluated. Technical evaluation makes the product acceptance to all. If a product meets the technical specification perfectly then the product is good for use. Technical specification depicts the product life cycle at once. Having higher product development life cycle lasting for long times. Sustainability aspects of engineering contain four types of aspects. These are very suitable for a design a product and its implementation. These are Development process aspect defines sustainability of a process of product development at initial level. It considers the usage not only of natural but also financial resources. Maintenance process aspect defines the sustainability of product during its maintenance time. It occurs until the new system replacement. System production aspect is the sustainability of product as a real product. System usage aspect is the sustainability in the application level of a product as a real life product. 5. Practical materials evaluation Helicopter Base For better performance of helicopter base material should be strong and stress free. Corrosion is a real enemy of any metal substance. Base should be designed like a helicopter can land easily and comfortably. For this design magnesium and aluminum has been selected. The total substance of the heli base is a mixture of Magnesium and Aluminum. Where the percentage of Aluminum is 2.38% and Magnesium is 97.62% in the aspect of weight. The table showing the percentage of Aluminum and Magnesium is given below: Heli Base Material List Heli Pipe Heli pipe is very important portion of helicopter development. It stands with the heli rotor. It helps rotor to move smoothly and swiftly. Helicopter Case Helicopter case is for carrying the helicopter equipment together. All the equipment can be settled here. The case may be made of aluminum, fiber, plastic or steel. Table for case of helicopter Helicopter Rotor Heli rotor is the part that rotates and helps the helicopter to move upward. It rotates horizontally. It depends on the aerodynamic effects. The rotor consists of spider, blade, slider, pitch control rod, mast, damper, scissors assy, extension rod etc. The rotor moves not only horizontally but also vertically. It functions with the decentralized force to move. Using this feature it move left, right, up and down direction. From the above table it is clear a comparison has been done with Nr = 3 and Nr = 4. Column 2 stands for Nr3 and column 3 stands for Nr 4. Column 3 S0 value is less than column 4 where, W value upto Fmax is greater than column 4. 6. Conclusion As helicopter is used frequently in the university researches its parts should be used more carefully. Doped materials can be harmful for product performance and evaluation. Aero dynamic calculation should be done very carefully with technical evaluation because if there is an unwanted occurrence from nature the product will face failure permanently. This should be in mind. 7. References Budiyono, T. Sudyanto, H. Lesmana (2008), First Principle Approach to Modeling of Small Scale Helicopter J. Gordon Leishman, Second Publish (2006), Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics Al-Oqla, F.M. and Dweiri, F.(2006), Material selection using analytical hierarchy process, International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol.26, no.4, pp.182-189 Ashby, M.F. and Johnson, K.(2010), Materials and Design: The Art and Science of Material Selection in Product Design, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann Ashby, M.F.(2005), Materials Selection in Mechanical Design, MRS Bulletin, vol.30, no.12, pp.994-997 Ashby, M.F. and Cebon, D.(1993), Materials selection in mechanical design, Journal of Physics, vol.3, no.C7, pp.C7-1- C7-9 Bijker, W.E.(1997), Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press Boks, C. and Diehl, J.C.(2006), Integration of sustainability in regular courses: experiences in industrial design engineering, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.14, no.9-11, pp.932-939 Lemaitre, J. and Desmorat, R.(2005), Engineering Damage Mechanics: Ductile, Creep, Fatigue and Brittle Failures, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Miller, W.S., Bottema, J., Zhuang, L., Smet. P.D. and Haszler, A.(2000), Recent development in aluminium alloys for the automotive industry, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.280, no.1, pp.37-49 Gareth D. Padfield, 2008, Helicopter Flight Dynamics, Page 75 Alastair Cooke, Eric Fitzpatrick, 2009, Helicopter Test and Evaluation, page 268 www.cis.cornell.edu/ics/compsust-org/compsust12/papers/24.pdf 1 | Page