The Life of a Woman Found Guilty of a Crime under Sharia Law Research Paper

The Life of a Woman Found Guilty of a Crime under Sharia Law - Research Paper Example Islamic nations embracing the Islamic law dictate the conduct of women in the society. The law, primarily, prohibits sexual activity outside of marriage. In most cases, women usually face difficulties in defending themselves against this law. According to the provision of the law, the public has a jurisdiction of monitoring the conduct of women. This condition deprives women of making free choices over what kind of men they should marry. The case of Malaysian woman Siti Zan Binti Kamarudin against Public Prosecutor, held in 1979 for example, found the woman guilty without subjecting the man who impregnated the woman guilty. In essence, while the law intended to protect the society from moral decadence, it failed to handle male counterparts who contributed an equal amount to moral decay. In the sentence remark, the judge of the case indicated, the Siti had the right to sex; however, her parents had to take an active role in getting a man for their daughter. In Nigeria, Amina Lawalâ₠¬â„¢s sentence did not only attract international condemnation but also challenged the liberty law promoted globally. Although Amina was guilty of Zina as proved in the courts, the death sentence through stoning was cruel than the crime she had committed. Ironically, men in the same saga did not have a case to answer. In most cases of women convicted by the law, the evidence adduced in the case by the prosecutor usually show that women had an extra material affair because they have given birth to children.... Although Amina was guilty of Zina as proved in the courts, the death sentence through stoning was cruel than the crime she had committed. Ironically, men in the same saga did not have a case to answer. In most cases of women convicted by the law, the evidence adduced in the case by the prosecutor usually show that women had an extra material affair because they have given birth to children. This attribute makes the law selective. The provision in the law may subject women to sentence such as receiving strokes along side a jail term depending on the gravity of the case. Largely, the sexual desire that women harbor is not under their control but under the desire of men. It is the will of the man to choose when to have sex. In this sense, women act as minors who seek the guidance of a man in the society. The Sheria law prohibits a woman from entering into a relationship with non-Muslims. For instance, the case of Sakina binti Husain v Public prosecutor of Malaysia found Sakina guilt aft er she argued in the court that she had been cohabiting with a non-Muslim (Otto, 2011). Reading the convicting statement, the judge noted that Sakina had walked out of the precepts of the law by engaging in a relationship with a man who did not belong to his faith. Women convicted under Sheria law face public humiliation because the provisions of the law demand that the execution of the sentence has to occur in public domain. Women suffer psychologically under the Sharia law. It is traumatizing to think of the atrocities committed to women without choice. Largely, human values do not apply in countries that administer Sharia law. Women testimony does not fully count as that of a man in

The Life and Achievements of Mao Zedong Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Life and Achievements of Mao Zedong - Essay Example He attended a village school and gained basic education subsequent to going back to toil in the fields. His father wanted him to marry at 14 years, Mao Tse-tung was too ambitious, and he declined (Cheek Web). He left home when around 16 years and joined a secondary school in Changsha to accomplish his passion for education. The revolution of 1911against the Qing government erupted while he was 17 years. The revolution, which Mao supported, resulted in overthrow of Qing dynasty. He later joined and served in the Republican army before resuming his studies at Changsha. The republican government was disorganized and unsuccessful in most of it undertakings (Andrew and Rapp 290-300). Mao graduated from middle school after which he joined Beijing University where he devoted himself to Marxism. He wrote and published journals to advocate for reforms. Still at the University, he met with Li Dazhao and Chen Duxiu the initiators of Chinese Communist Party, which he later became the chairperson . While at the university, he developed into a radical intellectual and together with other drastic intellectuals, he pioneered Marxist Theory between 1918 and 1919. After returning to Changsha, he became increasingly affectionate of Russian revolution as well as Marxism (Andrew and Rapp 43). In 1920, he settled in Changsha where he still wrote articles as well as planned labor unions. He also joined Nationalist Party also referred to as Guomingdang (GMD) and worked toward uniting it with CCP hoping to form a solitary nationalist government. However, CPP was growing rampantly and leaders of GMD started causing havoc, which caused execution of some communist leaders leading to a split and great enmity between CPP and GMD. Uprisings between CCP and GMD made Mau flee to mountains in Jiangxi province with his army. He thus became separated from CCP activities as he was more occupied in training his army (Jiang 22). In 1929, Mau together with some CCP leaders formed the Jiangxi Soviet, w hich was constantly attacked by the anti-communist GMD. In 1934, CPP loyalist matched from Jiangxi Soviet to Shaanxi in the illustrious â€Å"Long March† after which Mao was elevated to a higher rank in CPP leadership. In 1943, Mao became the Chairman of Communist Central Committee (Terril 150). During most of this period, Japanese had invaded some parts of China until 1945 after America bombing at Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Controversy heightened between CCP and GMD till around 1949 when GMD was defeated, its leader together with it army fled to Taiwan, and Mao launched People’s Republic of China (Cheek Web) From 1966 to 1976, Mao launched Great Proletariat Cultural Revolution with which he activated students to stub out old traditions, which gave rise to chaos. 1n 1972, Mao invited united president Richard Nixon to china, an abysmal action after years of bad Sino- American relations. Mao Tse-tung died at 81 years in 1976. Mao is attributed for several achievements. He i s remembered for leading the China’s communist revolution. He was so charismatic that his utterances mobilized million of people. He is termed as the most influential China’s leader of the 20th century who revolutionized china to modern world. Some Chinese frequently criticized the imperialism, which they claimed was undermining the Chinese culture and beliefs (Terril 98). However, Mao worked hard to bring change and civilization in China. His

Impact of English and TESOL in the Middle East Essay

Impact of English and TESOL in the Middle East - Essay Example As the report stresses the institutions that use English as a Foreign Language are broadly divided into two categories. The first category is institutions that teach the English language as a foreign language in non-English speaking countries. These institutions maybe international or local in nature and may conduct all their learning in English or offer it as a language course. The second category is learning institutions in English speaking countries, which tutor foreign learners to use English. The foreign learner maybe a student that is enrolled in a formal learning institution in pursuit of certification or an immigrant who enrolls in English classes in order to gain the use of the English language for daily living. According to the paper the discovery of oil in the gulf countries made it necessary for them to engage in economic activities with the rest of the world that were mainly English speaking. In fact, most of the imported labor that was needed was English speaking and th erefore made it necessary for businesspersons to learn the language. The technological advances in the world have changed it into a global village, which has forced many to learn English, which is the most commonly, used language in the world. The internet and globalization has bought on a change of lifestyle changes around the world. This has brought an awareness of goods and services around the world via the internet and media.  

Coursework world war 1 what events didworld war 1 cause and what were Essay

Coursework world war 1 what events didworld war 1 cause and what were the short and long term impacts of this war - Essay Example The Germans had to lose a large piece of their lands as their colonial power was dissolved and restrictions on armed forces as well as the war machinery were imposed. The size of the troops was restricted and Germany was not allowed to have an air force. The treaty also held Germany solely guilty for the bloodshed and demanded economic compensation for the damages done during the war. As a result, Germany lost areas of Alsace and Lorraine. Part one of the treaty stated a creation of a universal body that would maintain universal peace and hence the League of Nations was born. League of Nations was formed with an aim to arbiter international disputes and to play an important role in preventing future wars. The treaty of Versailles treaty created a wave of fury and unrest in the entire Germany and played a major role in initiating World War II by lighting the fire of vengeance in the heart of Germans. The end of World War I brought an economic recession in most of the participating cou ntries. The most visible short term impact of the war was inflation of prices, which affected almost every country including America. The countries had to break away from the gold policy and started issuing currency freely, taxes were increased and unavailability of goods became a common issue. As a result, thousands of people went bankrupt and many died at the hands of poverty.

Impact of English and TESOL in the Middle East Essay

Impact of English and TESOL in the Middle East - Essay Example As the report stresses the institutions that use English as a Foreign Language are broadly divided into two categories. The first category is institutions that teach the English language as a foreign language in non-English speaking countries. These institutions maybe international or local in nature and may conduct all their learning in English or offer it as a language course. The second category is learning institutions in English speaking countries, which tutor foreign learners to use English. The foreign learner maybe a student that is enrolled in a formal learning institution in pursuit of certification or an immigrant who enrolls in English classes in order to gain the use of the English language for daily living. According to the paper the discovery of oil in the gulf countries made it necessary for them to engage in economic activities with the rest of the world that were mainly English speaking. In fact, most of the imported labor that was needed was English speaking and th erefore made it necessary for businesspersons to learn the language. The technological advances in the world have changed it into a global village, which has forced many to learn English, which is the most commonly, used language in the world. The internet and globalization has bought on a change of lifestyle changes around the world. This has brought an awareness of goods and services around the world via the internet and media.  

Information Systems In Business Organizations Essay Example for Free

Information Systems In Business Organizations Essay The website of PC Magazine, upon looking at its physical makeup, and design, was designed to entice and provoke consumers all over the world, some of them, I assume, are hooked on online shopping, to purchase products featured on their website. The home page of the website appears to be patches of commercial billboards as it is occupied by advertising ads publicizing their line of products. Some of the wide variety of products presented in the website includes printers, digital cameras, laptops, mobile phones, software and hardware products for computers, mp3 players, to flash drives, speakers, projectors, subscriptions for PC magazine as well, and many more. There is also a broad range of links that you can visit that depends on your fields of interest. For online window shoppers, there is a link for product guides and reviews. Products available in the market, including all brand names, companies and corporations who pay Pcmag.com for advertisements, and product partners, are reviewed and rated. The reviews are useful enough, containing the positive and negative feedbacks of each product. The ratings on the other hand are based on the features, compatibility to other gadgets, design, and the price of the product. There are also software products, for shareware, demo trial, and freeware that the online client can sample and access. As tagline of the Pcmag.com goes, their website is intended for an independent individual. To prove their claim, they have provided links for how-to’s, do-it-yourself’s, tips and guides, and video blogs. For the online information-seeker, there are links for news updates and columns about products in the market, whether these are upgrades, new product launches, additional reviews, comments, etc. Aside from the advertisements plaguing the website, there is also a separate link for online shoppers, which constitute numerous merchandises that are available for purchasing, shopping options, and technology solutions. Moreover, there are discussion boards for online clients who wish to communicate with other online clients about gadget finds, current trends, and other issues about technology and its advances.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, the website of PC Magazine spells out the words â€Å"to sell.† There isn’t any link in the website which does not feature an advertisement or stimulating signs such as low prices, sales, and discounts for products. For each mouse click, there is always a provocation to purchase gadget items. The website accommodates online shoppers, online window shoppers, and consumers deciding on what products to purchase for their particular needs and why. However, pcmag.com primarily caters to businesses or corporations that are planning advertising strategies for the promotion of their products. In as much as the website would want to display themselves as a consumer-centered community, it is likely that business corporations are more benefited by them than their consumers. People who are knowledgeable about management and marketing issues or even rational consumers who are not easily swayed by advertising would know this. Advertising is a very powerful and persuasive tool in stimulating consumers to believe what they are trying to sell. It does not even contribute much to information technology because it is only concerned with the promotions of software and hardware products. Although there are links provided for how-to’s and such, it still lacks depth and beneficial information to sustain the demands of learning information technology. The extensive amount of information provided in each link would be a subject of interest to you if you are a techie and gadget-dependent or if you want to learn how to operate gadgets that are widely used nowadays. If these are your objectives in visiting the sites, then it would be an advantageous and helpful thing for you to do. The product guides and reviews would prove to be the most interesting and valuable links for consumers, as it has the most consumer-centered feel to it. In general, the usefulness and value of the website depends upon your needs and concerns.

Helicopter Toy Parts and Material Analysis

Helicopter Toy Parts and Material Analysis Table of Contents 1. Introduction 2. Selection Process of Suitable Materials 3. Potential Failure of Product 4. Sustainable Engineering Aspects of Selected Materials 5. Practical materials evaluation Helicopter Base Heli Pipe Helicopter Case Helicopter Rotor 6. Conclusion 7. References 1. Introduction Now-a-days all over the world use of technology has been increased more than demands. In all aspects technology is surrounded us. Such use of technology comes from the concept of automation. To automate the communication system in the air helicopter connects the era to a new technological world. Helicopter has made the communication easier than before. It is used even the security purpose recently. Helicopter mainly is used in the defense sector of a country. But today at every university is taking advanced step to do research on helicopter. Helicopter toy is used to do aerodynamic research in university laboratories. Drone is the latest recent research of helicopter. â€Å"Everything should be automated† that is the motive of people of every sphere. Complexity of parts selection increases with the demands of them. To select the appropriate parts for a product implementation one is to take so many risks and hazards. It is not easy to choose quality products to be implemented. Quality product selection process enhances full process of the product implementation. New research demands new types of parts to buy for latest technology. Latest technology expands the way to do research more in the advanced level. 2. Selection Process of Suitable Materials Before running a project or product we need to select appropriate materials that are available and appropriate for our design and design implementation. Some points need to be remembered before buying parts such as costs, availability, acceptability, material properties, environment friendly or not, stressing capability etc. Depending on these properties product is designed and shows performance. The best the quality of material the best the performance of the product. Performance evaluation completely depends on these properties. For designing a helicopter the following parts are needed for basic functioning. Such as body, blade, blade shaft, fans, case, rotor, heli base, heli pipe etc. These parts are made of aluminum, plastic, carbon fiber, fiber glass etc. All the parts are available at stores. All the parts are bought separately from the near able and reliable stores and then assembled. After complete assembling a helicopter gets ready. After doing that rotating parts are set. The machine code need to be embedded and make the helicopter ready to fly. Maximum helicopter runs with remote control. If it happens then a remote control need to be bought with higher performance and radio frequency quality. If the remote control efficiency degrades then helicopter will not be operated from remote distance. Remote control contains some area embedded on the board. The left portion controls the collective control and right side button controls the cyclic controls. It also contains throttle stick, direction stick, left and right trims buttons etc. 3. Potential Failure of Product Some critical moments rises after buying the materials. The parts do not show their performances perfectly according to their specifications. Like, for helicopter, a rotor does not rotate according to the code embedded. This occurs because of the temperature or other natural effects. If any product says it is 100% efficient it shows 80-90% efficiency in reality. Some deviation happens each time. Calculations should be done considering these unavoidable issues. Potential failure contains the metal fatigue and creep and their effects. When fatigue occur the metal get weakened and metal stress capability is lessened. Frequent loading and unloading cause fatigue to the metal properties. Fatigue depends on some other natural criteria such as temperature, humidity and metal stress. The stress tolerance capability of metal indicates the longevity. High stress tolerance let the metals to be lasted for more time. Steadiness of materials provides services to the developed products. Another effect of failure or damage is creep of metal. Creep stands for deformation. Deformation of particles inside the metal depicts in the microscopic view. 4. Sustainable Engineering Aspects of Selected Materials At the time of choosing materials for design engineering value should be added to this design. Engineering term increases the value of products. Engineering terms introduce a product with technical aspects. Every materials/parts should be technically evaluated. Technical evaluation makes the product acceptance to all. If a product meets the technical specification perfectly then the product is good for use. Technical specification depicts the product life cycle at once. Having higher product development life cycle lasting for long times. Sustainability aspects of engineering contain four types of aspects. These are very suitable for a design a product and its implementation. These are Development process aspect defines sustainability of a process of product development at initial level. It considers the usage not only of natural but also financial resources. Maintenance process aspect defines the sustainability of product during its maintenance time. It occurs until the new system replacement. System production aspect is the sustainability of product as a real product. System usage aspect is the sustainability in the application level of a product as a real life product. 5. Practical materials evaluation Helicopter Base For better performance of helicopter base material should be strong and stress free. Corrosion is a real enemy of any metal substance. Base should be designed like a helicopter can land easily and comfortably. For this design magnesium and aluminum has been selected. The total substance of the heli base is a mixture of Magnesium and Aluminum. Where the percentage of Aluminum is 2.38% and Magnesium is 97.62% in the aspect of weight. The table showing the percentage of Aluminum and Magnesium is given below: Heli Base Material List Heli Pipe Heli pipe is very important portion of helicopter development. It stands with the heli rotor. It helps rotor to move smoothly and swiftly. Helicopter Case Helicopter case is for carrying the helicopter equipment together. All the equipment can be settled here. The case may be made of aluminum, fiber, plastic or steel. Table for case of helicopter Helicopter Rotor Heli rotor is the part that rotates and helps the helicopter to move upward. It rotates horizontally. It depends on the aerodynamic effects. The rotor consists of spider, blade, slider, pitch control rod, mast, damper, scissors assy, extension rod etc. The rotor moves not only horizontally but also vertically. It functions with the decentralized force to move. Using this feature it move left, right, up and down direction. From the above table it is clear a comparison has been done with Nr = 3 and Nr = 4. Column 2 stands for Nr3 and column 3 stands for Nr 4. Column 3 S0 value is less than column 4 where, W value upto Fmax is greater than column 4. 6. Conclusion As helicopter is used frequently in the university researches its parts should be used more carefully. Doped materials can be harmful for product performance and evaluation. Aero dynamic calculation should be done very carefully with technical evaluation because if there is an unwanted occurrence from nature the product will face failure permanently. This should be in mind. 7. References Budiyono, T. Sudyanto, H. Lesmana (2008), First Principle Approach to Modeling of Small Scale Helicopter J. Gordon Leishman, Second Publish (2006), Principles of Helicopter Aerodynamics Al-Oqla, F.M. and Dweiri, F.(2006), Material selection using analytical hierarchy process, International Journal of Computer Applications in Technology, vol.26, no.4, pp.182-189 Ashby, M.F. and Johnson, K.(2010), Materials and Design: The Art and Science of Material Selection in Product Design, 2nd edition, Butterworth-Heinemann Ashby, M.F.(2005), Materials Selection in Mechanical Design, MRS Bulletin, vol.30, no.12, pp.994-997 Ashby, M.F. and Cebon, D.(1993), Materials selection in mechanical design, Journal of Physics, vol.3, no.C7, pp.C7-1- C7-9 Bijker, W.E.(1997), Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press Boks, C. and Diehl, J.C.(2006), Integration of sustainability in regular courses: experiences in industrial design engineering, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.14, no.9-11, pp.932-939 Lemaitre, J. and Desmorat, R.(2005), Engineering Damage Mechanics: Ductile, Creep, Fatigue and Brittle Failures, Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg Miller, W.S., Bottema, J., Zhuang, L., Smet. P.D. and Haszler, A.(2000), Recent development in aluminium alloys for the automotive industry, Materials Science and Engineering: A, vol.280, no.1, pp.37-49 Gareth D. Padfield, 2008, Helicopter Flight Dynamics, Page 75 Alastair Cooke, Eric Fitzpatrick, 2009, Helicopter Test and Evaluation, page 268 www.cis.cornell.edu/ics/compsust-org/compsust12/papers/24.pdf 1 | Page